Droga Rzymu i ścieżka Padwy

Jak czułbys sie, gdyby sie okazało, ze Twój sasiad jest Romem?” - tak brzmiało pytanie zadane przez Eurostat rok temu, pomiedzy lutym i marcem, () *+) obywatelom (* krajów Unii Europejskiej, z których ,-+) było narodowosci włoskiej. To typowe pytanie w badaniach nad uprzedzeniami i ksenofobia. Zmusza ono respondentów do uswiadomienia sobie własnych odczuc i do zanalizowania ich w celu zmierzenia tzw. poczucia komfortu (ang. comfort) wzgledem okreslonej grupy. Uzyskane dane pozwoliły na uszeregowanie krajów europejskich (od , do ,-) według kryterium „komfortu”, tzn. poczucia bezpieczenstwa i akceptacji w stosunku do społecznosci romskiej. W czołówce znalazły sie Polska, Szwecja i Francja, natomiast na koncu uplasowały sie Włochy i Republika Czeska. We Włoszech jedynie ,+ proc. badanych stwierdziło, ze nie miałoby nic przeciwko sasiadom pochodzenia romskiego, a tylko / proc. deklarowało, iz utrzymuje kontakty z Romem lub Sinti (...)

Not Always the Same Old Story: Spatial Segregation and Feelings of Dislike against Roma and Sinti in Large Cities and Medium-size Towns in Italy

The scientific literature on the dynamics of public opinion and racism as a whole has neglected the spread of anti-gypsy feeling . Only recently, with the Europeanization of the Roma Movements' claims, have official data from public opinion research made it possible to reach any empirically-based conclusions on the spread of anti-gypsy prejudice in Europe. The availability of these data has not yet been fully exploited, and at the same time their use, albeit only partial, has not been critically worked out. On the other hand we know that the use of opinion polls within the public sphere cannot be ignored, because of the resulting reification of the prejudice and the effects on the objectified ethnic category. This will be the focus of discussion for this chapter, which will introduce unpublished analysis and focus on the Italian situation, showing how pragmatic reflection on the use of data may make it possible to tackle the main risks that these investigations entail. We will also be careful not to ignore the political relevance taken on by the research, even if, no doubt, this will have contradictory effects as well

I sondaggi e il loro uso. Problemi di cecità logica a partire dal caso dei Rom

La pubblicazione di sondaggi sul sentimento di ostilità nei confronti di minoranze, e nello specifico verso gli «zingari», pone questioni deontologiche e normative profonde. Il basso livello di accettazione verso questi gruppi, una volta misurato, può giustificare visioni naturalizzate e deterministe dell’esclusione dei gruppi più marginali. L’articolo esplora diverse strategie di presentazione dei dati, che puntano a una loro maggiore contestualizzazione (comparazione nello spazio e nel tempo, composizione sociale di chi esprime un’opinione maggiormente favorevole a politiche sociali di integrazione; opinioni dei leader rom sugli stereotipi che li riguardano). L’articolo si conclude con una riflessione sull’importanza di un approccio relazionale che, pur valorizzando la ricerca sull’opinione pubblica, tenti di limitare gli effetti di cecità logica che alcuni risultati di sondaggi possono creare (...)

Indicatori per l’analisi delle ripartizioni interne al quartiere

Ai fini di caratterizzare le diverse sub-aree presentate nella figura n. 9 (sub-aree interne al quartiere), abbiamo costruito una pluralità di indici socio-demografici e socio-economici ricorrendo ai dati del XIV Censimento generale della popolazione e delle abitazioni condotto dall’Istat nel 2001. I dati individuali del Censimento ci hanno permesso di distinguere in maniera assai fine le cinque sub-aree del quartiere, di disegnarne con precisione i confini e comprenderne il significato sociale. I diversi indici utilizzati nel volume sono stati calcolati da Tommaso Vitale, Renato Carletti ed Enrico Claps. La maggior parte di loro è stata suggerita da Guido Cavalca, che li aveva approntanti per indagini precedenti (2005; 2006), e che nuovamente qui ringraziamo (...)

Regards croisés. Anti-tsiganisme et possibilité du 'vivre ensemble', Roms et gadjés, en Italie

Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de décrire le très haut niveau d’hostilité envers les groupes tsiganes, ainsi que les caractéristiqu de ceux qui pensent que la vie ensemble est possible. En confrontant, entre autre, les opinions et les préjugés des uns à l’égard des autres, nous montrerons à quel point les Roms et les gadje1 ont deux conceptions différentes de la légalité. Contrairement à ce que l’on pense, les Roms et les Sinti ne se moquent pas de la légalité et ne s’y opposent pas : la définition qu’ils en donnent, identique à celle des gadje, consiste dans le respect des règles dans un Etat de droit. Toutefois, ils décrivent des conditions qui rendent possible le respect de cette légalité en des termes très différents de la majorité des gadje. L’exploration de leur point de vue réserve de nombreuses surprises et révèle une complexité de raisonnement qui mérite d’être considérée avec sérieux et évaluée avec attention. Pour l’apprécier pleinement, il est tout d’abord nécessaire de confronter les différents points de vue afin de comprendre la force des préjugés qui peu à peu se sont ancrés dans les esprits2

Disaster Tales as Communication Tool for Increasing Risk Resilience

Agencies in charge of flood management use disaster reports (DRs) as the preferred source of information on past flooding events. A systematic survey of DRs prepared by Italian agencies suggests that DRs could be widely enhanced in view of targeting more effective communication to citizens, reinforcing the communication pillar in civil protection planning and management, and improving the resilience of the population to extreme events. Without loss of the rigor and details required for all the usual technical uses of DRs, we suggest recompiling them in the form of “disaster tales” (DTs), as tools that offer wider knowledge of the events to improve people’s preparedness and self-protection behavior. Recent major flooding events have demonstrated the communication potential that videos and pictures taken by citizens have for risk perception and disaster preparedness. By watching and listening to what has happened the communication recipient can better understand the feelings of the people experiencing an emergency. The structure of the improved reports, we suggest, will finally integrate data, graphs, and maps with interactive tools and be able to present handier multimedia views of the events. Application to three case studies of flooding in Italy illustrates how to concretely implement the suggested disaster reports to create more readily accessible disaster tales

Rates and Predictors of Perioperative Complications in Cytoreductive Nephrectomy: Analysis of the Registry for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Background: Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) plays an important role in the treatment of a subgroup of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. Objective: We aimed to evaluate morbidity associated with this procedure and identify potential predictors thereof to aid patient selection for this procedure and potentially improve patient outcomes. Design, setting, and participants: Data from 736 mRCC patients undergoing CN at 14 institutions were retrospectively recorded in the Registry for Metastatic RCC (REMARCC). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors for intraoperative, any-grade (AGCs), low-grade, and high-grade (HGCs) postoperative complications (according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) as well as 30-d readmission rates. Results and limitations: Intraoperative complications were observed in 69 patients (10.9%). Thrombectomy (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.75, p = 0.009) and adjacent organ removal (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.38-5.30) were significant predictors of intraoperative complications at multivariable analysis. Two hundred seventeen patients (29.5%) encountered AGCs, while 45 (6.1%) encountered an HGC, of whom 10 (1.4%) died. Twenty-four (3.3%) patients had multiple postoperative complications. Estimated blood loss (EBL; OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.08-2.05, p = 0.01) was a significant predictor of AGCs at multivariable analysis. CN case load (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03-0.59, p = 0.009) and EBL (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.20-7.15, p = 0.02) were significant predictors solely for HGCs at multivariable analysis. Forty-one patients (11.5%) were readmitted within 30 d of surgery. No significant predictors were identified. Results were confirmed in a subanalysis focusing solely on patients treated in the contemporary targeted therapy era. Conclusions: Morbidity associated with CN is not negligible. Predictors of high-grade postoperative morbidity are predominantly indicators of complex surgery. EBL is a strong predictor of postoperative complications. CN case load correlates with lower high-grade morbidity and highlights the benefit of centralization of complex surgery. However, risks and benefits should be balanced when considering CN in mRCC patients. Patient summary: We studied patients with metastatic renal cancer to evaluate the outcomes associated with the surgical removal of the primary kidney tumor. We found that this procedure is often complex and adverse events are not uncommon. High intraoperative blood loss and a small number of cases performed at the treating center are associated with a higher rate of postoperative complications

Strong reduction of the off-momentum halo in crystal assisted collimation of the SPS beam

A study of crystal assisted collimation has been continued at the CERN SPS for different energies of stored beams using 120 GeV/. c and 270 GeV/. c protons and Pb ions with 270 GeV/. c per charge. A bent silicon crystal used as a primary collimator deflected halo particles using channeling and directing them into the tungsten absorber. A strong correlation of the beam losses in the crystal and off-momentum halo intensity measured in the first high dispersion (HD) area downstream was observed. In channeling conditions, the beam loss rate induced by inelastic interactions of particles with nuclei is significantly reduced in comparison with the non-oriented crystal. A maximal reduction of beam losses in the crystal larger than 20 was observed with 270 GeV/. c protons. The off-momentum halo intensity measured in the HD area was also strongly reduced in channeling conditions. The reduction coefficient was larger than 7 for the case of Pb ions. A strong loss reduction was also detected in regions of the SPS ring far from the collimation area. It was shown by simulations that the miscut angle between the crystal surface and its crystallographic planes doubled the beam losses in the aligned crystal.peer-reviewe

Diagnosis of prostate cancer with magnetic resonance imaging in men treated with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to evaluate if exposure to 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) modifies the effect of MRI for the diagnosis of clinically significant Prostate Cancer (csPCa) (ISUP Gleason grade >= 2).Methods This study is a multicenter cohort study including patients undergoing prostate biopsy and MRI at 24 institutions between 2013 and 2022. Multivariable analysis predicting csPCa with an interaction term between 5-ARIs and PIRADS score was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative (NPV) and positive (PPV) predictive values of MRI were compared in treated and untreated patients.Results 705 patients (9%) were treated with 5-ARIs [median age 69 years, Interquartile range (IQR): 65, 73; median PSA 6.3 ng/ml, IQR 4.0, 9.0; median prostate volume 53 ml, IQR 40, 72] and 6913 were 5-ARIs naive (age 66 years, IQR 60, 71; PSA 6.5 ng/ml, IQR 4.8, 9.0; prostate volume 50 ml, IQR 37, 65). MRI showed PIRADS 1-2, 3, 4, and 5 lesions in 141 (20%), 158 (22%), 258 (37%), and 148 (21%) patients treated with 5-ARIs, and 878 (13%), 1764 (25%), 2948 (43%), and 1323 (19%) of untreated patients (p < 0.0001). No difference was found in csPCa detection rates, but diagnosis of high-grade PCa (ISUP GG >= 3) was higher in treated patients (23% vs 19%, p = 0.013). We did not find any evidence of interaction between PIRADS score and 5-ARIs exposure in predicting csPCa. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of PIRADS >= 3 were 94%, 29%, 46%, and 88% in treated patients and 96%, 18%, 43%, and 88% in untreated patients, respectively.Conclusions Exposure to 5-ARIs does not affect the association of PIRADS score with csPCa. Higher rates of high-grade PCa were detected in treated patients, but most were clearly visible on MRI as PIRADS 4 and 5 lesions.Trial registration The present study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT05078359